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第1篇 电气工程图基础知识
第1章 常用电气图形符号和文字符号
1.1 常用电气图形符号
1.1.1 常用符号要素、限定符号和其他常用图形符号
(1)轮廓和外壳(见表1-1)
表1-1 轮廓和外壳
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/15_01.jpg?sign=1739275387-SWBjDX5AU6Nifx9LZmbSmB0xUXS8qYxM-0-c6fcef47976c6e8cb76f9a0e9f4b2021)
(2)电流和电压的种类(见表1-2)
表1-2 电流和电压的种类
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/15_02.jpg?sign=1739275387-wWXxsJOBHbdq2DsSSP6CvbGQDgp6Rejq-0-52f51d6f157db787ba69618aa789bcac)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/16_01.jpg?sign=1739275387-KhqnbTC3afodWOUccpnWTvov3lA0gZFc-0-b1711fa71e93c150477bce27572af5a6)
(3)接地、接机壳和等电位(见表1-3)
表1-3 接地、接机壳和等电位
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/16_02.jpg?sign=1739275387-SxVvECEMR8YaZRPhXe6FUSDXZzZ4knI7-0-e176a12f700e766fa4093a3931038f80)
(4)理想电路元件(见表1-4)
表1-4 理想电路元件
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/16_03.jpg?sign=1739275387-nzF4FT4cmq9nDP5Q59U2QnxFusKpNc75-0-1308984088b15431b3e36618d13d43fa)
(5)其他常用符号(见表1-5)
表1-5 其他常用符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/17_01.jpg?sign=1739275387-QTRzZqzDpLwpp2MuFfHuXOaJ5MCgNLJn-0-c94bdf12fe92ba0f60f2325ff5876ee7)
1.1.2 常用导线及连接器件图形符号
常用导线及连接器件图形符号见表1-6。
表1-6 常用导线及连接器件图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/17_02.jpg?sign=1739275387-1OJZ0ZurOz7EHn6gM9YnAAcunwm5cYJB-0-76b2310c6f6fcfdfe2d9695df060d346)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/18_01.jpg?sign=1739275387-qm2VgYNaSEtTgOtRjtqfksOavJ58eiZn-0-dfaf55dfb68bcda79c1683e76ae08d37)
1.1.3 常用电阻器、电容器和电感器图形符号
(1)常用电阻器图形符号(见表1-7)
表1-7 常用电阻器图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/18_02.jpg?sign=1739275387-y91htPbEDWYL19Pxa2bCNtsS638SaH1W-0-72dede1dbc4f24a6beac295a8e7524bc)
(2)常用电容器图形符号(见表1-8)
表1-8 常用电容器图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/19_01.jpg?sign=1739275387-vUsOUifyTuQ4zVMRiiKaECzTqZibrJQ5-0-ddd7e62a67ceca364ff28cb9d7759df6)
(3)常用电感器图形符号(见表1-9)
表1-9 常用电感器图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/19_02.jpg?sign=1739275387-Uc73cxRRlB992eBZcMPMTDiVsA0OqHES-0-5a101ff0e4bc1b081170dfafbae82764)
1.1.4 常用变压器图形符号
常用变压器图形符号见表1-10。
表1-10 常用变压器图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/20_01.jpg?sign=1739275387-qxgtnY0ChmLatmu4EpnPfnB7RrmSK1EU-0-0640a9f0532dd18ada2ec307e67a8752)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/21_01.jpg?sign=1739275387-ymLNgGzg8ifoQQsundKWTwXwzeaRzDJm-0-4d0fa5e14959cb964960043be0b99988)
1.1.5 常用电机图形符号
常用电机图形符号见表1-11。
表1-11 常用电机图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/22_01.jpg?sign=1739275387-CyRWNbmViAL1QtSweo6dgj4bqNJ9HXrg-0-0c985dd43307c7e4be5b1844a8fd519c)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/23_01.jpg?sign=1739275387-OMAvUxsdD2u2MINYzOCsY6uCELoqykUB-0-a6dafbc7bd2455d09095b15b63669acf)
1.1.6 常用开关、控制和保护装置图形符号
常用开关、控制和保护装置图形符号见表1-12。
表1-12 常用开关、控制和保护装置图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/23_02.jpg?sign=1739275387-gsJjVWZEwf69OEut7SNExXZRTetBcsiy-0-76bc6851a4b16a723fdb9992a88ad90c)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/24_01.jpg?sign=1739275387-2Ob8T2XpAJzC0fY2zrkhDflm68ni9o4S-0-b4ce78b39b040ca177fe6754650014c9)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/25_01.jpg?sign=1739275387-le3XNMRCuDvHEC3Yf0W0tXO4e0nEprqv-0-bb60eaff5f913160f4c760d871fb14f8)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/26_01.jpg?sign=1739275387-bUZ5ypnyx66J8NVU5hBAzmSWAHC4MQ9K-0-24ae0f14345852dffef711526da12673)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/27_01.jpg?sign=1739275387-5PJVS1MQNv2ngoAmbysC3pwchmsOoEoe-0-5de1ea44cbefafdb808b937ec9736831)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/28_01.jpg?sign=1739275387-6lULsjfpuq33fpcvII5oLC9sV5Jrdqqa-0-3d0563805d93eacdd19e3cfb0e84c21b)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/29_01.jpg?sign=1739275387-nM9DeO3Mk1Y40BpoqWRzyqEmpBVio5Je-0-6ce60d8b09566c4f18cf2e562da2eb46)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/30_01.jpg?sign=1739275387-QuBNzUolPQ5nNvscMNlzsbEAAX5Flx4i-0-ac6920fc8332b9801b8e416865ea558e)
1.1.7 常用半导体器件图形符号
(1)二极管图形符号(见表1-13)
表1-13 常用二极管图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/30_02.jpg?sign=1739275387-vW9cTb9uw8D1k8QckCACcOmOgHTlO0aj-0-d7f2e092b3a1c45d7ab28af319a087a7)
(2)晶闸管图形符号(见表1-14)
表1-14 晶闸管图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/30_03.jpg?sign=1739275387-hYcuHJbrIo9oXTgn2TXFaMGN2m2LwQb2-0-622cf6ca8588bef84d48a979de6b39a3)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/31_01.jpg?sign=1739275387-D2lrDpL2LdXlIsIOaJWK86FbuVqyk6Yu-0-b4334b8138b15cc1398974b27a626f06)
(3)晶体管图形符号(见表1-15)
表1-15 晶体管图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/31_02.jpg?sign=1739275387-oNj0ODdp0W15RgIKidcNJdZ01cLA5XrN-0-65e795767ece27e2bad87ad54baf4f44)
(4)光电子、光敏和磁敏器件图形符号(见表1-16)
表1-16 光电子、光敏和磁敏器件图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/32_01.jpg?sign=1739275387-u9R6KTGKWplspCeGrUCul6akWHt8KmKR-0-98a34e897477800167573c6ef0c8a353)
1.1.8 整流器、逆变器和蓄电池图形符号
整流器、逆变器和蓄电池图形符号见表1-17。
表1-17 整流器、逆变器和蓄电池图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/32_02.jpg?sign=1739275387-UCC7ZSfzC52Te6yFLfMPgsuOc6yiVadQ-0-88e7a93fc20cc412eafafbe010fb6cd2)
1.1.9 测量仪表、灯和信号器件图形符号
测量仪表、灯和信号器件图形符号见表1-18。
表1-18 测量仪表、灯和信号器件图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/33_01.jpg?sign=1739275387-86dTOjc4MCB0CkSIpc5gQ5MLekeOPONR-0-ce8bcc638bb1342386e23d629cf1aa72)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/34_01.jpg?sign=1739275387-AaHO6ZkAgJ2UOB5FHHbZb9FOpgJkEh2N-0-10b6898e11967bcc4626f1311f91e527)
1.1.10 电气系统图主要电气设备图形符号
电气系统图主要电气设备图形符号见表1-19。
表1-19 电气系统图主要电气设备图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/34_02.jpg?sign=1739275387-C9zLdC3bMf2GOsHlhRR3Ib9ed2XLkFVj-0-bf7e2f9c9a6ce2e3dd5c61c6b476f6b7)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/35_01.jpg?sign=1739275387-o7B0QDhrJSG7a7sxJiJ8DweRCKjhjcu6-0-6b76864923c55f7367b0c344ee56b4f8)
1.1.11 电气图形符号的取向规则
电气图形符号的取向规则见表1-20。
表1-20 电气图形符号的取向规则
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/35_02.jpg?sign=1739275387-tuwfrMUU765e2R2qKzDXNH6hXnuwuFq6-0-3fc37ac4a63c623938588e2a60605428)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/36_01.jpg?sign=1739275387-HHsI7YRk8eMGxjKhzUplyQiZFsPgHn8L-0-bebca2d05dee946f87a5799977e57316)