第5章 主要城市
5.1 复习笔记
I. England
1. London
2. Birmingham
3. Liverpool
4. Manchester
II. Scotland
1. Glasgow
2. Edinburgh
III. Northern Ireland
Belfast
I. England (英格兰)
1. London (伦敦)
(1) London is the capital of England and of Great Britain, the political center of the Commonwealth. It consists of: ①the City of London; ②Greater London, a metropolitan county.
(2) London, on the north bank of the Thames, is one of the world’s leading banking and financial centers. It contains Guildhall and St Paul’s Cathedral and the Tower of London. The West End includes Westminster and St James’ Palace.
(1) 伦敦是英格兰和英国的首都，英联邦的政治中心。它由两部分组成：伦敦城和大伦敦。
(2) 伦敦位于泰晤士河的北岸，是世界著名的银行和金融中心。它包括市政厅和圣保罗大教堂和伦敦塔。伦敦西区包括威斯敏斯特和圣詹姆斯宫殿。
2. Birmingham (伯明翰)
(1) Birmingham is a metropolitan district, an industrial and manufacturing city.
(2) It is the second largest city in England, and the market centre of the Black Country.
(1) 伯明翰是大都市地区，工业化和制造业城市。
(2) 伯明翰是英国的第二大城市，也是黑乡的中心。
3. Liverpool (利物浦)
Liverpool is the second largest port of England and a metropolitan district.
利物浦是英国的第二大港口和大都市地区。
4. Manchester (曼彻斯特)
Manchester is an industrial and commercial centre and a metropolitan district.
曼彻斯特是工业和商业中心，同时也是大都市地区。
II. Scotland (苏格兰)
1. Glasgow (格拉斯哥)
Glasgow is a city in Scotland on the River Clyde, a manufacturing and shipping centre.
格拉斯哥是克莱德河边的城市，是制造业和轮船中心。
2. Edinburgh (爱丁堡)
Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.
爱丁堡是苏格兰的首府。
III. Northern Ireland (北爱尔兰)
Belfast (贝尔法斯特)
Belfast is a seaport, the capital of Northern Ireland.
贝尔法斯特是北爱尔兰的首府，著名的海港城市。
5.2 课后习题详解
Exercise 1. Answer the following questions:
1. Which city is the capital of England and Great Britain? Is it the political centre of the Commonwealth?
Key: London is the capital of England, and it is also the political centre of the Commonwealth.
2. What does London consist of administratively?
Key: London administratively consists of the city of London, the original nucleus, retaining a medieval system of government of courts of aldermen and an elected lord mayor; and Greater London a metropolitan county, made up of Inner London boroughs and.20 Outer London boroughs.
3. What is the population of Birmingham? What is Birmingham famous for?
Key: Birmingham is the second largest city in the U.K. has one million people. It is famous for metal goods, hardware, cars, electrical equipment, machine tools, jewelery, small arms and plastics.
4. Where can you find the University of Glasgow and Strathclyde University?
Key: The University of Glasgow and Strathclyde University are both in the city of Glasgow in Scotland.
5. Which city is the capital of Scotland? What kind of international festival is held there every year?
Key: The capital of Scotland is the city of Edinburgh. International festival of music and art is held there every year.
Exercise 2. Explain the following terms:
1. Queen’s University of Belfast
Key: It is one of the high educational institutions in the capital of Northern Ireland, the city of Belfast. The University traces its roots to Queen Victoria’s founding of the Queen’s University in Ireland in 1845.
2. the Manchester Ship Canal
Key: It is a 58 km long river with a minimum depth of 9m, connecting Manchester and West England, with the Mersey estuary at Eastham, above Birkenhead. Begun in 1887, it was opened in 1894 and changed Manchester from a river port to a seaport.
3. Black Country
Key: It is a highly industrialized region of west-central England centered on Birmingham. It was named for the grime accumulated from factory smoke and other industrial pollutants.
4. Covent Garden Opera House
Key: It is a theatre in London, now also known as the Royal Opera House, built in 1858; it is the home of the Royal Opera and Royal Ballet. So it is also one of cultural institutions in London.
5. Greater London
Key: It is a metropolitan county (pop.7 million), made up of 12 Inner London boroughs, 20 Outer London boroughs.
6. Cardiff
Key: It is the capital and largest city of Wales, at the mouth of the river Tall, in the southeast part of the country on Bristol Channel. Therefore, it is also a port. Its industries are shipping, iron and steel. It is now an educational and industrial center.