1.17 [17] 景公登牛山悲去国而死晏子谏

齐景公登上牛山感慨弃国而死的悲伤，晏子进谏

【原文】

景公游于牛山，北临其国城而流涕曰：“若何滂滂去此而死乎？”艾孔、梁丘据皆从而泣。晏子独笑于旁，公刷涕而顾晏子曰：“寡人今日游悲，孔与据皆从寡人而涕泣，子之独笑，何也？”晏子对曰：“使贤者常守之，则太公、桓公将常守之矣；使勇者常守之，则庄公、灵公将常守之矣。数君者将守之，则吾君安得此位而立焉？以其迭处之，迭去之，至于君也，而独为之流涕，是不仁也。不仁之君见一，（謟）〔谄〕谀之臣见二，此臣之所以独窃笑也。”

【今译】

齐景公到牛山巡游，向北望着齐国的都城流着眼泪说：“怎么舍得离开这泱泱大国而死去呢？”艾孔、梁丘据都跟着哭了起来。晏子在一旁独自发笑，景公擦干眼泪看着晏子说：“我今天（在这里）巡游感觉很悲伤，艾孔和梁丘据都跟着我流眼泪，只有您独自发笑，这是为什么？”晏子说：“假如贤明的国君能够常守国君之位，那么太公、桓公就将常守国君之位了。假如英勇的国君能够常守国君之位，那么庄公、灵公就将常守君位了。假如这几位国君能够常守君位，那么您怎么能得到这个位置呢？正因为国君之位不断（有人）得到，不断（有人）失去，这才轮到您啊，您却偏偏为此而流泪，这是不够仁义啊。我见到了一个不仁义的国君和两个谄媚阿谀的臣子，这就是我暗自发笑的原因。”

Duke Jing went on a pleasure excursion to Mount Niu. He looked northward toward his capital city and burst into copious tears,said: “What can be said of the flood of those who departed this city and died?”

Ai Kong^[3] and Liangqiu Ju both followed him and wept. Only Yanzi stood at the Duke’s side and laughed.

The Duke wiped his tears away,looked at Yanzi and said: “My touring today was marked by sadness. Kong and Ju both followed me and wept; you alone laughed. Why?”

Yanzi replied: “If the worthy could retain the state forever,then Duke Tai^[4] and Duke Huan would have retained it forever. If the courageous could retain the state forever,then Duke Zhuang and Duke Ling would have retained it forever. Yet if these few rulers had retained it,how could you,my Lord,have assumed this position and ascended to the throne? Because of a string of men who occupied the throne and lost it,the position has come down to you,my Lord,and you are the only one who burst into tears over this. This show s a lack of feeling—I saw one ruler who was lack of feeling and two flattering ministers. This is why I alone ventured to laugh.”

注释

[1]Mount Niu 牛山,is situated approximately 21 li 里 south of Linzi 临淄,the capital of Qi.

[2]Item 1.17 [17] ↔ Liezi 列子,6/37/17.

[3]An unidentified figure.

[4]Duke Tai’s name w as Lü Shang 吕尚. He w as an advisor of K ing Wu 武王 (1169–1116 BCE),who enfeoffed him w ith the state of Qi. He then reigned there between 1122–1078 BCE.